Blockchains May Need 1 Billion TPS to Support Future AI Agent Transactions, Stripe Says
Stripe is a major global payments infrastructure provider, and CEO Patrick Collison and co-founder John Collison have long focused on stablecoins and online payments. In their 2025 annual letter, they said transaction frequency would far exceed human activity if AI agents could make purchases, manage subscriptions and settle payments autonomously, making blockchain scalability a critical issue for the payments industry.
Stripe's latest estimate suggests blockchains may ultimately need to process 1 billion transactions per second (1B TPS) to handle future volumes dominated by AI agents. The two founders said current network throughput remains far short of that target. As of July 2026, major advances in underlying architecture, parallel processing and settlement efficiency would be needed to support high-frequency, low-value transactions between agents.
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The history behind this eventStripe Founders Say Blockchains Must Scale to 1 Billion TPS for AI Agent Transactions
Stripe, founded by Patrick Collison and John Collison in 2010, is a major global payments infrastructure provider. The brothers believe AI agents will increasingly make purchases, manage subscriptions and settle transactions autonomously on people’s behalf, causing online transaction volumes to surge. Whether blockchains can scale at low cost will help determine whether the AI economy can adopt decentralized payments.
In Stripe’s annual letter, the Collison brothers said blockchains will ultimately need to process 1 billion transactions per second, or 1 billion TPS, if AI agents become the dominant force in online commerce. By comparison, leading public blockchains are still roughly 1 million times slower. The letter warned that without a breakthrough in scalability, existing on-chain systems will struggle to handle large-scale payment demand driven by AI.
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