NYC Council Probes Prediction Markets’ Marketing Practices

Polymarket and Kalshi let users trade event contracts tied to elections, sports and other outcomes, blurring the boundary between derivatives and gambling. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission says the Commodity Exchange Act gives it exclusive federal jurisdiction over contracts listed on registered exchanges. States counter that sports-heavy platforms are effectively unlicensed betting businesses subject to local gambling laws. The dispute carries fiscal stakes: the American Gaming Association estimates states have missed out on more than $1.2 billion in tax revenue since sports event contracts emerged.

On July 27, 2026, U.S. District Judge Katherine Menendez issued a preliminary injunction blocking Minnesota’s first-in-the-nation prediction-market ban before its scheduled Aug. 1 start. The law would have made operating, hosting or advertising covered markets a felony punishable by up to five years in prison and a $10,000 fine. Menendez found the CFTC, Polymarket and Kalshi were likely to prevail on federal pre-emption claims and faced irreparable harm, leaving the state law suspended while the litigation proceeds.

Decentralized prediction market Polymarket has been hailed as a truth machine. But a recent dispute over a contract asking whether MicroStrategy had sold Bitcoin exposed how such platforms’ determinations of fact can be highly vulnerable to after-the-fact rule interpretations, biased oracle voting and manipulation by large traders. It has also revived a regulatory debate over whether prediction markets should be treated as online gambling or financial derivatives venues.

The dispute began in May 2026, when MicroStrategy sold 32 Bitcoin before the May 31 deadline but did not report the transaction until June 1. Polymarket subsequently changed the rules and resolved the market as “No,” prompting fierce investor backlash. In July 2026, several traders who had backed “Yes” filed a class-action lawsuit against the platform in New York, alleging breach of contract and fraud and accusing it of depriving investors of legitimate gains through a biased decision.

Polymarket allows users to trade on the probabilities of outcomes in politics, sports and other events. On January 3, 2022, the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission fined the company $1.4 million for offering event-based binary options without registration and ordered it to stop serving US customers. That regulatory history has made compliance and market credibility central to the platform’s return.

A July 8, 2026, report said Polymarket was marketing itself in the United States through TikTok influencers, X and partnerships with Major League Baseball, CNBC and CNN, among others. Its X account had about 1.7 million followers. The company acquired CFTC-licensed exchange QCEX for $112 million in July 2025 and launched a regulated real-money sports prediction app at the end of that year. However, just one month before the report, influencers were found not to have clearly disclosed sponsorships.

Polymarket is a prediction-market platform where users trade on the outcomes of political, economic and other events, with contract prices reflecting market-implied probabilities. The Korea Communications Standards Commission is considering restricting the service over concerns that it may constitute illegal gambling and encourage highly speculative activity. The case also raises questions about where prediction markets fall within the boundaries of financial-trading and gambling regulation.

As of July 20, 2026, the commission said it would hear Polymarket's representations before deciding whether to take corrective action. It has not announced a decision date, fines or any amount involved. Polymarket already faces varying degrees of access restrictions and regulatory scrutiny in countries including the United States, Britain and France.

Polymarket is a prediction market where event contracts allow users to trade on outcomes including elections and sporting events. On January 3, 2022, the CFTC found that it was operating an unregistered trading platform, imposed a $1.4 million penalty and ordered it to exit the United States. As the platform returns to the U.S. market, questions over whether its marketing misled consumers are also affecting the division of gambling oversight among federal, state and tribal governments.

Republican Senator John Curtis and Democratic Senator Adam Schiff wrote to CFTC Chairman Michael Selig on June 25, requesting by July 10 an explanation of whether the agency was investigating. A June 20 report reviewed more than 1,100 videos from 10 creators and found that about 70% showed simulated trades, presenting nearly $1.9 million in fictitious profits. Polymarket has begun auditing the content.

Polymarket is a prediction market where users trade crypto assets based on the outcomes of events, attracting customers with contracts tied to politics, sports and other topics. A Wall Street Journal investigation said the platform appeared to have paid college content creators to execute sham trades on highly realistic simulation sites, presenting fabricated profits as genuine betting experiences. The allegations raise questions about advertising disclosures and consumer trust.

The investigation found more than 1,000 promotional videos showing fake bets and profits, even though the creators had not assumed the risks claimed in the footage. Polymarket said it would conduct a comprehensive review of the content. During the 2026 World Cup, a “mystery wallet” was also said to have placed highly accurate bets and made NT$24 million in arbitrage profits, renewing scrutiny of whether the platform uses misleading promotions to attract users.

Prediction markets allow users to trade contracts tied to the outcomes of real-world events. After Kalshi and Polymarket began offering sports-event contracts in 2025, the industry grew into a billion-dollar market within a year. At the heart of the controversy is that platforms have told courts and regulators their products can be used for investment and hedging while marketing them to consumers as legal betting. The dispute raises questions over the respective authority of the CFTC and local gambling regulators, as well as consumer protection.

On June 3, 2026, nine Democratic members of the US House of Representatives, including Kevin Mullin and Gabe Vasquez, sent a letter asking the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to investigate misleading advertising and consumer complaints and consider possible enforcement action. They requested a response by June 29. The letter cited a March poll in which 61% of respondents said event contracts were more akin to gambling, while 81% considered wagering on sports prediction markets to be gambling.

Kalshi and Polymarket allow users to wager on political, military and sporting outcomes through event contracts. Such products are regulated by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, but have raised fairness concerns because people with access to confidential information could profit from them. In January 2026, a trader made more than $409,000 by betting on political developments in Venezuela.

On March 23, 2026, Kalshi barred candidates from betting on their own elections and prohibited sports insiders from trading related contracts. Polymarket also banned people with confidential information or the ability to influence outcomes from placing bets. On May 22, the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform launched an investigation, saying more than 80 Polymarket users were linked to suspicious trades, and ordered both platforms to provide KYC and monitoring data by June 5.

Prediction markets such as Polymarket pool participants’ money to produce collective forecasts and are often viewed as providing more immediate probability signals than opinion polls. But if traders can personally cause a contract’s conditions to be met, prices no longer predict reality and instead reward intervention. The issue could determine whether the platforms win the trust of retail investors, attract institutional capital and secure regulatory acceptance.

On March 22, 2026, a CoinDesk column argued that platforms should not list contracts whose outcomes can be triggered at low cost by a single participant. Another column on March 25 said Polymarket converts cross-chain assets into USDC.e for trading on Polygon. Reuters had reported on March 2 that wagers on contracts covering the timing of an attack on Iran and Khamenei’s tenure reached $529 million and $150 million, respectively, fueling concerns about insider trading and manipulation.

Polymarket is a decentralized prediction market where traders use crypto assets to wager on the probability of events. Its nuclear contracts allowed them to bet on whether a nuclear explosion would occur by a specified deadline. While such markets can aggregate risk expectations, they have raised ethical and regulatory concerns because people with access to military intelligence could profit and mass casualties could be commodified. The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission is also tightening rules for event contracts.

Amid the conflict involving Iran and growing concerns about insider trading on wars, Polymarket removed its long-term nuclear detonation markets on March 4, 2026. A 2023 contract at one point implied a 19% probability of a nuclear explosion and drew nearly $700,000 in trading volume, while a contract expiring in June 2025 was once priced at 12% and recorded more than $1.7 million in cumulative volume. On May 10, 2024, the CFTC proposed barring regulated platforms from listing contracts involving war, terrorism or assassination.